Germany
€138kAverage net wealth per household
- Gross assets
- €191k
- Housing
- €104k
- Mortgage debt
- €36k
- Other debt
- €17k
Money Atlas · Map 08
Who owns what in Europe?
Move through the wealth distribution to see how housing, cash, investments and business assets sit above very different layers of debt.
Official ECB estimates21 countries2025 Q4
Choose a national wealth fifth
Middle 20%
Households between the 40th and 60th percentiles. Each group is defined within its own country.
ECB estimates · 2025 Q4
What does each wealth fifth own?
Average net wealth per household · euro
Country positions are approximate. Select a tile to inspect the published estimate.
Inside the balance sheet
Assets above. Debts below.
Germany · Middle 20% · average per household
Gross assets€190,590
Housing€104kDeposits€53kInvestments€13kBusiness€3kOther€17k
Housing €104kDeposits €53kInvestments €13kBusiness €3kOther €17k
Small negative modelled components can occur during statistical alignment. The stacked asset bar shows positive components only; the exact values remain visible below.
The national wealth ladder
Five very different household averages.
Germany · net wealth per household
The centre line is zero. Leftward bars are negative net wealth; rightward bars are positive. The scale is shared across all five groups for the selected country.
Country ranking
The same national fifth, 21 countries.
Average net wealth per household
What the accounts reveal
Three cautions hidden by a national average.
Housing dominates many balance sheets
For broad parts of the distribution, owner-occupied housing is the largest asset and mortgage debt is the largest liability.
The top fifth owns differently
Financial investments and business wealth become much more prominent toward the top of national distributions.
Bottom-fifth debt can exceed assets
Average net wealth is negative for the bottom fifth in several countries. That does not mean every household in the group is indebted.
Exact estimate
The selected wealth fifth.
Euro per household · 2025 Q4 · rounded to nearest €10
| Country | Net wealth | Gross assets | Housing | Deposits | Investments | Business | Other assets | Mortgage debt | Other debt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luxembourg | €674,120 | €844,850 | €675,920 | €109,880 | €19,650 | €5,990 | €33,410 | €153,510 | €17,210 |
| Malta | €516,160 | €568,140 | €452,190 | €86,270 | €5,560 | €9,210 | €14,910 | €44,340 | €7,640 |
| Ireland | €420,560 | €505,300 | €428,440 | €53,700 | €3,620 | €9,080 | €10,460 | €73,330 | €11,410 |
| Belgium | €301,770 | €366,190 | €298,730 | €43,970 | €9,370 | €1,940 | €12,180 | €57,050 | €7,370 |
| Cyprus | €248,210 | €295,530 | €214,520 | €49,850 | €8,500 | €19,620 | €3,040 | €34,530 | €12,790 |
| Spain | €233,570 | €270,160 | €215,250 | €35,280 | €10,360 | €6,050 | €3,220 | €29,440 | €7,150 |
| Netherlands | €221,969 | €389,138 | €308,192 | €59,073 | €5,853 | €6,867 | €9,153 | €161,831 | €5,338 |
| Slovenia | €208,610 | €228,060 | €195,800 | €20,470 | €2,930 | €7,200 | €1,660 | €11,980 | €7,470 |
| France | €185,750 | €261,600 | €194,700 | €42,130 | €7,520 | €2,920 | €14,330 | €65,630 | €10,220 |
| Italy | €178,910 | €199,770 | €153,360 | €26,680 | €4,110 | €9,560 | €6,060 | €12,940 | €7,910 |
| Austria | €155,550 | €204,760 | €132,260 | €56,220 | €3,950 | €3,040 | €9,290 | €45,940 | €3,270 |
| Germany | €138,170 | €190,590 | €104,280 | €52,910 | €13,130 | €2,980 | €17,290 | €35,610 | €16,810 |
| Portugal | €134,390 | €172,950 | €137,120 | €27,080 | €6,300 | €1,310 | €1,140 | €30,420 | €8,130 |
| Finland | €128,120 | €188,730 | €151,190 | €23,860 | €8,460 | €1,260 | €3,960 | €50,400 | €10,210 |
| Slovakia | €127,920 | €146,940 | €126,460 | €15,360 | €660 | €3,400 | €1,060 | €15,270 | €3,750 |
| Greece | €119,180 | €135,520 | €104,890 | €17,230 | €8,740 | €4,640 | €20 | €12,240 | €4,090 |
| Hungary | €113,110 | €122,500 | €108,620 | €6,060 | €3,150 | €2,070 | €2,600 | €6,080 | €3,320 |
| Estonia | €86,930 | €112,900 | €85,850 | €12,100 | €12,100 | €1,800 | €1,050 | €21,830 | €4,140 |
| Lithuania | €80,680 | €87,840 | €76,160 | €8,040 | €1,800 | €1,110 | €730 | €6,040 | €1,120 |
| Latvia | €54,640 | €60,400 | €48,680 | €8,790 | €1,090 | €830 | €1,010 | €4,720 | €1,050 |
| Croatia | €49,900 | €57,010 | €48,130 | €7,240 | €810 | €780 | €50 | €4,320 | €2,780 |
Important boundary
Distributional estimates—not a census of fortunes.
- The ECB combines household survey distributions with national accounts totals; the latest quarter is modelled and marked estimated.
- Values are averages within national wealth quintiles, not the cut-off or the median household.
- Countries outside the current DWA release—including the UK—are not inferred or filled from another source.
Primary sourceEuropean Central Bank
Distributional Wealth Accounts (DWA), closing balance-sheet positions per household by net-wealth quintile, 2025 Q4. Twenty-one participating European countries are shown.